作者从个人、国家两方面论证。文章先谈造就人才的问题。先以六个出身低微、经过种种磨炼而终于身负“大任”的显贵人物为例来说明人才是在艰苦环境中造就的，同时又重视人的主观因素，提出“困于心，衡于虑，而后作”的观点。从两方面说明人要有所作为，成就大业，就必须在生活、思想、行为等方面经受一番艰难甚至痛苦的磨炼。接着由个人说到国家，指出决定国家存亡的因素和个人能否成就大业的因素相仿，最后推出论点。
(2)这篇短论采用了类比论证、举例论证、对比论证、归纳推理论证等论证方法。如把造就人才与治理国家类比，如六位逆境中成才的人物事例罗列，如把成就伟人与国家灭亡对比，如先分析论证，后归纳观点等等。
才华展示：
(1)相关的名句有：自古英雄多磨难，从来纨挎少伟男。
思所以危则安矣，思所以乱则治矣，思所以亡则存矣。
忧劳可以兴国，逸豫可以亡身。
天行健，君子以自强不息。
自强为天下之健，志刚为大君之道。……
(2)相关的事例有：明末农民起义领袖李白成带领义军打进北京城，志得意满，终致失败，这
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